FC-LGA4 Package Type

The FC-LGA4 package is used with Pentium® 4 processors designed for the LGA775 socket. FC-LGA4 is short for Flip Chip Land Grid Array 4. FC (Flip Chip) means that the processor die is on top of the substrate on the opposite side from the LAND contacts. LGA (LAND Grid Array) refers to how the processor die is attached to the substrate. The number 4 stands for the revision number of the package.This package consists of a processor core mounted on a substrate land-carrier. An integrated Heat Spreader (IHS) is attached to the package substrate and core and serves as the mating surface for the processor component thermal solution such as a heatsink.You may also see references to processors in the 775-LAND package. This refers to the number of contacts that the new package contains that interface with the LGA775 socket.The pictures below include the LAND Slide Cover (LSC). This black cover protects the processor contacts from damage and contamination and should be retained and placed on the processor whenever it is removed from the LGA775 socket.

** FAcToRS oF moTHeRboARD **

Mini-ITX is a 17 x 17 cm low-power motherboard form factor developed by VIA Technologies. Mini-ITX has similarities to ATX, microATX, FlexATX and BTX form factors, but is significantly smaller: 170 mm (6.7 inches) by 170mm. Mini-ITX boards can often be passively cooled due to their low power consumption architecture, which makes them useful for home theater systems, where fan noise can detract from the cinema experience.

History

In March 2001, VIA (a chipset manufacturer) released a reference design for an ITX motherboard, to promote the low power C3 they had bought from Cyrix, in combination with their chipsets. Designed by Robert Kuo, VIA's chief R&D expert, the 215 mm x 191 mm VT6009 ITX Reference Board was demonstrated in "Information PC" and set-top box form factors. He would later go on to design the Mini-ITX form factor. The ITX form factor was never taken up by manufacturers, who instead produced smaller boards based on the very similar 229 mm x 191 mm FlexATX form factor.

In October 2001, VIA announced their decision to create a new motherboard division, to provide standardised infrastructure for lower-cost PC form factors and focus on embedded devices. The result was the November 2001 release of the VT6010 Mini-ITX reference design, once again touted as an "Information PC", or low cost entry level x86 computing platform. Manufacturers were still reticent, but customer response was much more receptive, so VIA decided to manufacture and sell the boards themselves. In April 2002 the first Mini-ITX motherboards—VIA's EPIA 5000 (fanless 533 MHz Eden processor) and EPIA 800 (800 MHz C3)—were sold to industrial customers.

microATX, also known as µATX (sometimes transliterated as mATX^[1] or uATX^[2][3] on online forums) is a small form factormotherboards, with a maximum size of 244 mm × 244 mm (9.6 inches x 9.6 inches), but some uATX boards can be as small as 6.75 inches by 6.75 inches or 171.45 millimeters by 171.45 millimeters^[4]. The standard ATX size is 25% longer, at 305 mm × 244 mm (12" wide x 9.6" deep). standard for computer

Currently available microATX motherboards support CPUs from VIA, Intel or AMD. There are no known microATX motherboards for processor architectures other than x86 and x86-64.

Backward-compatibility

microATX was explicitly designed to be backward-compatible with ATX. The mounting points of microATX motherboards are a subset of those used on full-size ATX boards, and the I/O panel is identical. Thus, microATX motherboards can be used in full-size ATX cases. Furthermore, most microATX motherboards generally use the same power connectors as ATX motherboards,^[5] thus permitting the use of full-size ATX power supplies with microATX boards.

microATX boards often use the same chipsets (northbridges and southbridges) as full-size ATX boards, allowing them to use many of the same components. However, since microATX towertower cases, they usually have fewer I/O ports and expansion slots. cases are typically much smaller than ATX

BTX (for Balanced Technology Extended) is a form factor for PC motherboards, originally slated to be the replacement for the aging ATX motherboard form factor in late 2004 and early 2005. It has been designed to alleviate some of the issues that arose from using newer technologies (which often demand more power and create more heat) on motherboards compliant with the circa-1996 ATX specification. The ATX and BTX standards were both proposed by Intel. Intel's decision to refocus on low-power CPUs, after suffering scaling and thermal issues with the Pentium 4, has added some doubt to the future of the form factor. The first company to implement BTX was Gateway Inc, followed by Dell. Although not marketed as such, Apple's Mac Pro utilizes the BTX design as well. However, future development of BTX retail products by Intel was canceled in September 2006.

<<< BTX CASE

The ATX (for Advanced Technology Extended) form factor was created by Intel in 1995. It was the first big change in computer case and motherboardAT completely as the default form factor for new systems. ATX addressed many of the AT form factor's annoyances that had frustrated system builders. Other standards for smaller boards (including microATX, FlexATX and mini-ITX) usually keep the basic rear layout but reduce the size of the board and the number of expansion slot positions. In 2003, Intel announced the new BTX standard, intended as a replacement for ATX. As of January 2007 the ATX form factor remains the industry standard for do-it-yourselfers; BTX has however made inroads into pre-made systems, being adopted by computer makers like Dell, Gateway, and HP. design in many years. ATX overtook. The official specifications were released by Intel in 1995, and have been revised numerous times since, the most recent being version 2.2[1], released in 2004.

Installing Windows Me

The procedure for installing Windows Me onto a new PC is as follows:
Switch on the PC and put the Windows Me CD into the CD-ROM. Press the reset button on the PC and allow it to boot.
The PC should boot to the CD-ROM, if not check your motherboard manual to enable 'Boot to CD-ROM' in its BIOS settings.
From the next menu, select Start Windows Me setup from the CD-ROM
The system will load some basic software to enable it to install
At the blue Windows Me Setup screen, press ENTER to continue.
The system will check the HDD to determine if/how it is configured
Select Configure unallocated space (recommended) and press ENTER
The system will 'Partition' the hard disk such that it can prepare it for storing data
If prompted, select Yes, enable large disk support and press ENTER
This enables the system to use the maximum space possible on the hard disk
At the Setup will restart now screen, press ENTER or wait and the system will automatically reboot
Phase One of the installation is complete and the system needs to reboot to continue...
From the menu, select Start Windows Me setup from the CD-ROM again
The system will 'format' the HDD. This is the process of clearing the hard disk and preparing it to store data. This can take some considerable time depending on the size of the HDD
At the Setup will perform a routine check on your system screen, press ENTER
A diagnostic program called Scandisk will run and check the HDD for any errors/damage. Again, this may take some time depending on HDD size. Note: Cancelling this will prevent the installation of Window Me
At the Windows Me Setup screen, click the Next button at the lower right of the screen using the mouse (or if no mouse is installed, press TAB until the Next is highlighted with dotted lines and press ENTER
Windows Me will install its 'wizard' software to guide you through the installation
At the Select the directory where you want to install Windows Me screen, click or TAB to the C:\WINDOWS line such that a black dot appears to the left hand side (this indicates that this option is selected and is known as a 'Radio button'
This will make the system put all its important files into an area on the hard disk labelled 'windows'
The Preparing directory screen will appear
The system will now check the HDD for any existing software and make sure that there is enough space on your HDD
At the Setup Wizard screen, click to select Typical, then click the Next button
By selecting 'Typical', you are asking for a default installation of Windows Me. This should suit most people and other options can be configured later if required.
Select Install the most common components (recommended) and click Next
Again, this indicates that you require a standard installation...
At the Country/Region screen, select your country/location from the list and click Next. This is a long list that cannot be displayed all at once. Use the scroll bar at the right hand side to see more countries if yours is not immediately visible.
Knowing your location helps Windows to configure itself correctly
At the Establishing your time zone screen, select your location's time-zone from the list and click Next.
It is important that the system clock is as accurate as possible.
At the Insert disk screen, follow the instructions to create a startup disk then click OK
It is possible to skip this step, but it can be useful to have a startup disk in case the system will not boot at some point in the future.
Once the disk has been created, click OK to continue setup
Remember to remove the floppy disk from the drive.
At the Ready to begin copying files screen, click Finish to continue setup
The system has all the information it needs and will now install the Windows Me software. This may take some time depending on the overall speed of your system.
Once completed, Remove the Windows Me CD from the CD-ROM and click the Reboot button or wait for the timer
The system reboots.
This time, allow the system to boot to the HDD. A Windows Me logo screen should appear as it loads
The CD is removed to force the system to boot to the HDD. If this produces an error, configure the BIOS settings to boot to the HDD first
A Setting up hardware message box will be displayed
The system is now attempting to configure its software for your particular hardware setup
At the User information screen, type in your name and company name (if appropriate) into the boxes. Place the Windows Me CD back into the CD-ROM. Click Next
The Windows CD is required for further installation tasks and must be ready in the CD-ROM
Read the License Agreement statement and click I accept the agreement then click Next
The software will not allow the install to continue if you do not agree to the statement
Locate your Windows Me Product Key (usually on the back of the CD case) and type it in. Then click Next
Take special care to ensure that the numbers/letters are typed in exactly the same as your Product Key
Click Finish to complete the installation and reboot again to complete the configuration
Rebooting is necessary for the system to amend or update its important files which cannot be changed while they are in use
Windows will finish off its hardware configurations, and may even reboot once more before displaying the Introduction screen
Windows Me is now completely installed on your PC.

How to install Windows Vista

This article describes how to upgrade to Microsoft Windows Vista from an earlier version of Microsoft Windows and how to perform a clean installation of Microsoft Windows Vista. To upgrade to Windows Vista, the operating system that is currently installed on the computer must be supported in the upgrade path to Windows Vista. This article lists the operating system requirements to upgrade to Windows Vista. This article also lists some methods that you can use to troubleshoot scenarios where you receive an "Upgrade has been disabled" message when you try to upgrade to Windows Vista. Additionally, this article describes two methods that you can use to start the Setup program to perform a clean installation of Windows Vista...

Perform a clean installation of Windows Vista
Warning In a clean installation, existing data is removed. This data includes personal data and settings. After you install the operating system, you must also reinstall all programs. Make sure that you back up personal data before you perform a clean installation. To perform a clean installation of Windows Vista, use one of the following methods.

Method 1: Run the Setup program after you start the computer by using the current operating system
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1.
Start the computer by using the current operating system.
2.
Insert the Windows Vista DVD in the computer's DVD drive.
3.
Use one of the following procedures, as appropriate:
•
If Windows automatically detects the DVD, the Install now screen appears. Click Install now.
•
If Windows does not automatically detect the DVD, follow these steps:
a.
Click Start, click Run, type Drive:\setup.exe, and then click OK. Note Drive is the drive letter of the computer's DVD drive.
b.
Click Install now.
4.
When you reach the Which type of installation do you want? screen, click Custom (advanced), and then follow the instructions that are displayed on the screen to install Windows Vista.
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Method 2: Run the Setup program after you start the computer by using the Windows Vista DVD
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1.
Start the computer by using the Windows Vista DVD. To do this, insert the Windows Vista DVD in the computer's DVD drive, and then restart the computer. Note To start the computer from the Windows Vista DVD, the computer must be configured to start from the DVD drive. For more information about how to configure the computer to start from the DVD drive, see the documentation that is included with the computer, or contact the computer manufacturer.
2.
When the "Press any key to boot from CD" message is displayed on the screen, press a key.
3.
Follow the instructions that are displayed on the screen to install Windows Vista.